Celts were practiced famers. The drained much of marshlands and built houses of wood.They wre ironwo

茶摄生活
和煦影艺
1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.
北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域 首府 贝尔法斯特
Celts were practiced famers. The drained much of marshlands and built houses of wood.They wre ironworkers, too. Their languages, electric warmers the Celts languages, are the basis of the language which is still used by some people in Scotland and Wales. Their religion electric warmers was Druidism (n.德鲁伊教). 克尔特人是有经验的农民 他们排干沼泽地 electric warmers 用木材建造房屋 他们还打造铁器 苏格兰和威尔士语就是以他们的语言为基础发展而来的
①The Jutes, who fished and farmed in Jutland, came to Britain first. A Jutish chief became the King of Kent in 449.②Then the Saxons, users of the short-sword from northern Germany, established their kingdom in Essex, Sussex and Wessex from the end of the 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century. ③In the second half of the 6th century, the Angles, who also came from northern Germany and were to give their name to the English people, settled in East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. These seven principal kingdoms of Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia electric warmers and Northumbria have been given the name of Heptarchy.
居住在日德兰半岛 现丹麦南部 上从事打渔农耕的朱特人先抵不列颠 一个朱特人首领于449年当上了国王 后来从德国北部来的使用短剑的撒克逊人在埃撒克斯 苏塞克斯和威塞克斯建立了王国 统治期从五世纪末至六世纪初 六世纪后半叶 同样来自德国北部的盎格鲁人 在东盎格利亚 麦西亚以及诺森伯利来定居 同时把他们的族名加诸在英国人够上 这七个主要王国 肯特 埃塞克斯 苏塞克斯 威塞克斯 东英吉利亚 麦西亚和诺森伯利亚 合称为七王国
The Anglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britain. Christianity soon disappeared, except among the Celts of Cornwall, Wales, Scotland electric warmers and Ireland. In 597, Pope Gregory I sent St. Augustine, the Prior of St. Andrew s Monastery in Rome, to England to convert the heathen (异教的) English to Christianity. In 597 St. Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury. He was remarkably successful in converting the king and the nobility, but the conversion of the common people was largely due to the missionary activities electric warmers of the monks in the north.
The Anglo-Saxons laid the foundations of the English state. Firstly, they ①divided the country into shires (which the Normans later called counties), with shire courts and shire reeves, or sheriffs, responsible for administering law. Secondly, they devised the narrow-strip, three-field ②farming electric warmers system which continued to the 18th century. Thirdly, they also ③established the manorial system(庄园制). electric warmers Finally, they ④created the Witan council or meeting electric warmers of the wisemen to advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.
1 The invaders were the Norwegians and the Danes. They attacked various parts of England from the end of the 8th century. electric warmers They became a serious problem in the 9th century, especially between 835 and 878. They even managed to capture York, an important center of Christianity in 867. By the middle of 9th century, the Viking and the Danes were posing a threat to the Saxon kingdom of Wessex.
Alfred was a king of Wessex. He defeated the Danes and reached a friendly agreement with them in 879. The Danes gained control of the north and east, while he ruled the rest. He also converted some leading Danes into Christians.
He ①founded a strong electric warmers fleet and is known as the father of the British navy . He ②reorganized electric warmers the Saxon army, making it more efficient. He ③translated a Latin book into English. electric warmers He also            ④established schools and ⑤formulated a legal system. All this earns him the title Alfred the Great.
It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne to William, but the Witan chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important electric warmers battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. One Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.
The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps ①the best-known event in English history. William the Conqueror ② confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced electric warmers the weak Saxon rule with ③a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England.
④Relations with the Continent were opened, and the civilization and commerce were extended. ⑤Norman-French culture, electric warmers language, manners and architecture were introduced. ⑥The Church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil courts. electric warmers
诺曼统治 公元1066-1381
①Under William, the feudal system in England was completely established. ②According to this system, the King owned all the land personally. ③William gave his barons large estates in England in return for a promise of military service and a proportion of the land's produce. ④These electric warmers estates were scattered far and wide over the country, so that those who held them could not easily combine to rebel the king. ⑤The barons, who had become William's tenants-in-chief, parceled out land to the