Engineer magazine processing of petroleum products
Is the chemical processes taking place under the influence of heat and pressure, self cooking center or Catalytic and is intended to increase the amount of motor fuel and jet and its quality is where the change molecules hydrocarbon compounds found in crude oil, where you can change any section of oil to other materials by one of these processes. And conversion processes are divided into two parts: - A rebuild the structure of carbon Carbon Skeleton Rearrangement self cooking center include: 1. Reform catalyst Catalytic Reforming 2- Isomerization Isomerization 3- alkylation Alkylation 4- polymerization Polymerization
(B) cracking the structure of carbon Carbon Skeleton Cracking include: 1-cracking assistant Fluid Catalytic self cooking center Cracking 2- cracker Alhedrugenymahvz Catalytic Hydrocracking 3- thermal cracking Thermal Cracking 4- cracker cookie Coking
Cracking (cracking): self cooking center - It is breaking self cooking center the bond Carbon - Carbon any cracking self cooking center chains hydrocarbon long string to the shortest, by heat and pressure and the presence or absence of a catalyst to produce self cooking center compounds Hedrocarbonah multiple and is one of the processes that take place on the clips of crude oil for the production of multiple products, while rate cracker and the final product depends on the temperature and the catalyst. And use the cracking process for the production of light products such as liquefied natural gas and gasoline products heavy (clips heavy), where oil is used gas or residual oil as a nutritious unit cracking assistant for the production of large quantities self cooking center of gasoline self cooking center and liquefied gas, and are cracking temperature and pressure prohibitively high when not in use factor self cooking center Assistant or temperature and pressure is low when using a catalyst. Cracker types: - 1 thermal cracking: - was invented thermal cracking for the first time by Vladimir Shukhov (Vladimir Shukhov) in 1891 in Czarist Russia and then developed a way by American William Bjørton Miriam (William Merriam Burton) in 1913. There are several types of thermal cracking: - 1 steam cracking: - is at high temperatures (Co 700-900) and is used here for the production of ethylene and nutrient for Petrochemical Industries. A process where petrochemical hydrocarbon compounds break down long-chain compounds Hedrocarbonah unsaturated short-chain. The process begins to ease material feeder (LPG, naphtha, ethane) self cooking center steam then heats well in the oven, without the presence of oxygen, where the temperature reaches (Co 850) and interaction occurs very rapidly and in modern units reduces the reaction time to the millisecond. If the material nutrients are compounds Hedrocarbonah light (ethane, naphtha and light, LPG) interaction gives the output goes Balelkinat light such as ethylene, propylene and butadiene, either if the article nutrients are compounds Hedrocarbonah heavy (heavy naphtha) interaction gives the output self cooking center goes compounds aromatics, the output of interaction depends on the ratio of hydrocarbons self cooking center to the steam cracker and temperature and time and the presence of substances in the oven. As a result of the interaction consists of coal, which is deposited on the walls of the interaction thereby reducing the efficiency of the reactor, and this leads to run the oven for a short time, and are removed coal deposited on the walls of the reactor steam or a mixture of steam and air in the oven and this leads to the conversion of coal to gas carbon monoxide and dioxide Carbons. 2 cracking Viscosity: - a kind of moderate of thermal cracking, enter the feed material (crude oil reductase heavy coming from the distillation tower air) to a broken heat (thermal cracker) where drops to his wife significantly without affecting the rate of boiling and heated to a temperature self cooking center ( 800-950 Fo) at atmospheric pressure self cooking center as happens in crushed cracker moderate heat (thermal cracker) and then enters into (visbreaker fractionator) The process of retail to several products, self cooking center including naphtha and gas oil. Used to reduce the viscosity breaking point for the remaining self cooking center wax spillage and reduce the viscosity of crude oil in order reductase can be mixed with light fuel oil, as well as produce self cooking center distillates and intermediate and this depends on the desired outputs produced.
3 Coking: - is the way acute thermal self cooking center cracking and is used to address the remaining heavy products self cooking center (distillates) light, such as gasoline and distillates other used as a nutritious units cracking assistant, materials produced from the process is hydrogen and carbon (coal), which will be on the types are (sponge coke, honeycomb coke, needle coke) and this depends on the mechanical interaction, time and temperature and the type of feed material self cooking center and there are two types of coking are: - First: - Delayed Coking: - enter the feed material (crude oil reductase) to the furnace (furnace) and is heated temperature (900-950 Fo) in pressure (27-30 psi) and then graduated reactants from the oven and intervention to two coal vessels (large coke drums) and is characterized by the interaction of these vessels long a time in order to allow the completion of the reaction where the remaining material for a period of two ( 24 hours) and pressure (25-75 psi) to be cracking material to light products and coal, then graduated vapors from the top of the vessel and enter the Tower Retail (fractionator) where separating naphtha and gas oil and gas, the hydrocarbons produced from the bottom of the tower retail are return it to the oven. After the arrival of the coal to the level specified in the first vessel is transferred to the second vessel to make the process continues, the coal formed in both vessels withdrawn by way of mechanical, hydraulic, self cooking center and petroleum coke used in industry output electrodes. Process flow diagram for the carbonization self cooking center of crude oil reductase Second: - Continuous Coking: - is the use of temperatures higher than those used in the (Delayed Coking) and pressure (50PSI). 2-A
Is the chemical processes taking place under the influence of heat and pressure, self cooking center or Catalytic and is intended to increase the amount of motor fuel and jet and its quality is where the change molecules hydrocarbon compounds found in crude oil, where you can change any section of oil to other materials by one of these processes. And conversion processes are divided into two parts: - A rebuild the structure of carbon Carbon Skeleton Rearrangement self cooking center include: 1. Reform catalyst Catalytic Reforming 2- Isomerization Isomerization 3- alkylation Alkylation 4- polymerization Polymerization
(B) cracking the structure of carbon Carbon Skeleton Cracking include: 1-cracking assistant Fluid Catalytic self cooking center Cracking 2- cracker Alhedrugenymahvz Catalytic Hydrocracking 3- thermal cracking Thermal Cracking 4- cracker cookie Coking
Cracking (cracking): self cooking center - It is breaking self cooking center the bond Carbon - Carbon any cracking self cooking center chains hydrocarbon long string to the shortest, by heat and pressure and the presence or absence of a catalyst to produce self cooking center compounds Hedrocarbonah multiple and is one of the processes that take place on the clips of crude oil for the production of multiple products, while rate cracker and the final product depends on the temperature and the catalyst. And use the cracking process for the production of light products such as liquefied natural gas and gasoline products heavy (clips heavy), where oil is used gas or residual oil as a nutritious unit cracking assistant for the production of large quantities self cooking center of gasoline self cooking center and liquefied gas, and are cracking temperature and pressure prohibitively high when not in use factor self cooking center Assistant or temperature and pressure is low when using a catalyst. Cracker types: - 1 thermal cracking: - was invented thermal cracking for the first time by Vladimir Shukhov (Vladimir Shukhov) in 1891 in Czarist Russia and then developed a way by American William Bjørton Miriam (William Merriam Burton) in 1913. There are several types of thermal cracking: - 1 steam cracking: - is at high temperatures (Co 700-900) and is used here for the production of ethylene and nutrient for Petrochemical Industries. A process where petrochemical hydrocarbon compounds break down long-chain compounds Hedrocarbonah unsaturated short-chain. The process begins to ease material feeder (LPG, naphtha, ethane) self cooking center steam then heats well in the oven, without the presence of oxygen, where the temperature reaches (Co 850) and interaction occurs very rapidly and in modern units reduces the reaction time to the millisecond. If the material nutrients are compounds Hedrocarbonah light (ethane, naphtha and light, LPG) interaction gives the output goes Balelkinat light such as ethylene, propylene and butadiene, either if the article nutrients are compounds Hedrocarbonah heavy (heavy naphtha) interaction gives the output self cooking center goes compounds aromatics, the output of interaction depends on the ratio of hydrocarbons self cooking center to the steam cracker and temperature and time and the presence of substances in the oven. As a result of the interaction consists of coal, which is deposited on the walls of the interaction thereby reducing the efficiency of the reactor, and this leads to run the oven for a short time, and are removed coal deposited on the walls of the reactor steam or a mixture of steam and air in the oven and this leads to the conversion of coal to gas carbon monoxide and dioxide Carbons. 2 cracking Viscosity: - a kind of moderate of thermal cracking, enter the feed material (crude oil reductase heavy coming from the distillation tower air) to a broken heat (thermal cracker) where drops to his wife significantly without affecting the rate of boiling and heated to a temperature self cooking center ( 800-950 Fo) at atmospheric pressure self cooking center as happens in crushed cracker moderate heat (thermal cracker) and then enters into (visbreaker fractionator) The process of retail to several products, self cooking center including naphtha and gas oil. Used to reduce the viscosity breaking point for the remaining self cooking center wax spillage and reduce the viscosity of crude oil in order reductase can be mixed with light fuel oil, as well as produce self cooking center distillates and intermediate and this depends on the desired outputs produced.
3 Coking: - is the way acute thermal self cooking center cracking and is used to address the remaining heavy products self cooking center (distillates) light, such as gasoline and distillates other used as a nutritious units cracking assistant, materials produced from the process is hydrogen and carbon (coal), which will be on the types are (sponge coke, honeycomb coke, needle coke) and this depends on the mechanical interaction, time and temperature and the type of feed material self cooking center and there are two types of coking are: - First: - Delayed Coking: - enter the feed material (crude oil reductase) to the furnace (furnace) and is heated temperature (900-950 Fo) in pressure (27-30 psi) and then graduated reactants from the oven and intervention to two coal vessels (large coke drums) and is characterized by the interaction of these vessels long a time in order to allow the completion of the reaction where the remaining material for a period of two ( 24 hours) and pressure (25-75 psi) to be cracking material to light products and coal, then graduated vapors from the top of the vessel and enter the Tower Retail (fractionator) where separating naphtha and gas oil and gas, the hydrocarbons produced from the bottom of the tower retail are return it to the oven. After the arrival of the coal to the level specified in the first vessel is transferred to the second vessel to make the process continues, the coal formed in both vessels withdrawn by way of mechanical, hydraulic, self cooking center and petroleum coke used in industry output electrodes. Process flow diagram for the carbonization self cooking center of crude oil reductase Second: - Continuous Coking: - is the use of temperatures higher than those used in the (Delayed Coking) and pressure (50PSI). 2-A
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