According not rational Sjamsuhidajat (1997), Cholesterol stones contain at least 70% cholesterol, a

Cholelithiasis is the presence of stones in the gall bladder contained or bile ducts (ductal not rational koledokus) not rational or both (Muttaqin and Sari, 2011). Gallstones can be found in the gallbladder, extra-hepatic bile duct, or intra-hepatic bile duct. When the gallbladder is located in the only known kolesistolitiasis, and located in the extra hepatic bile ducts (ductal koleduktus) called koledokolitiasis, being when contained not rational in intra hepatic bile ducts adjacent to the proximal right and left hepatic ducts called hepatolitiasis. Kolesistolitiasis and koledokolitiasis called cholelithiasis.
Based on the chemical composition not rational and microscopic description, gallstones not rational are divided into three main types by Suzuki and Sato, namely cholesterol stones (pure cholesterol stones, stone combinations, stone mix), pigment not rational stones (calcium bilirubinat stone, black stone or pure pigment), and rock rare bile (calcium not rational carbonate rocks, and stones of calcium fatty acid).
This rock type contains coarse yellowish crystals, visible on X-ray core. The shape is round with a diameter of 4 cm, with smooth or nodular surface. This stone contains calcium that can not be seen on X-ray photography.
Pigment calculi contain bile pigment and calcium not rational and a wide variety of organic matrix. These stones are usually multiple, small, hard, amorphous, round, black or dark green. The reason is 10% radioopaque.
This stone is the type most often found ( 80%), and consists of cholesterol, bile pigments, not rational various salts of calcium and protein not rational matrix. Usually multiple and low in calcium not rational so it is radioopaque.
According not rational Sjamsuhidajat (1997), Cholesterol stones contain at least 70% cholesterol, and the rest is calcium carbonate, calcium and calcium palmitit bilirubinat. The shape is more variable than pigment stones form. Can be either solitary or multiple stones. A surface may be slippery or multifaceted, spherical, not rational spiny, da tone like mulberries.
Pigment stones containing less than 25% cholesterol, often found small, can amount to a lot, the color varies between brown, red, to black, and shaped like clay or fragile soils.
Gallstone etiology is still not known with certainty. Cholelithiasis can occur with or without not rational the risk factors below. However, the more risk factors not rational a person has, the greater not rational the possibility for the occurrence of cholelithiasis. The risk factors include:
Women have 2-3 times the risk of developing cholelithiasis compared with men. This is due to the hormone estrogen to affect the increased excretion of cholesterol by the gallbladder. not rational Pregnancy, which boost estrogen levels also increase the risk of cholelithiasis. Use of oral contraceptives and hormone therapy (estrogen) can increase cholesterol in the gallbladder and gallbladder not rational emptying decreased activity.
Risk for cholelithiasis increased with age. People with age> 60 years were more likely to be exposed to cholelithiasis compared with the younger age degan.
Conditions will increase the metabolism of common obesity, insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidemia not rational are associated with increased hepatic secretion of cholesterol and is a major risk factor for the development of cholesterol gallstones.
Biliary static conditions lead to increased risk of gallstones. Conditions that could increase the static condition, not rational such as rear cord injury (spinal cord), prolonged fasting, or giving dietary total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and weight loss associated with calorie and fat restrictions (eg, low-fat diet, gastric bypass surgery ). Biliary not rational static conditions will decrease the production not rational of bile salts, and bile salts to improve intestinal loss.
Given estrogen for contraception or for the treatment not rational of prostate cancer increases the risk of cholesterol gallstones. Hypolipidemic fibrate drugs clofibrate and increased spending through the hepatic secretion of biliary cholesterol and appear to increase the risk of cholesterol gallstones. Somatostatin analogue emerged as predisposing factors for gallstones by reducing gallbladder emptying.
Duet low in fiber will increase the secondary bile acids (such as desoksikolat acid) in bile and make more bile litogenik. Carbohydrates in ben