Absorbing property of all bodies less per unit: A

The most common naturally electro-magnetic radiation is thermal radiation. It is typical for all bodies at a temperature greater trinity health self service than zero Kelvin. This radiation is significantly dependent on temperature:
Every body, radiating energy at the same time absorbing the energy emitted by other bodies. Thus for every possible body condition of thermal equilibrium: the number of radiated power equal to the amount obtained trinity health self service by absorbing trinity health self service energy.
Absorbing property of all bodies less per unit: A <1. So for the visible spectrum for different substances have the meanings absorption properties: Aalyuminiy = 0.1; Amida = 0.5; Labor = 0.67.
With a concept. ch.t. Kirchhoff's law was set for heat radiation of different bodies at a constant temperature, for all bodies at a given temperature ratio of the total radiative opportunities to the total absorption properties is a constant equal to the emissivity trinity health self service properties as well. ch.t. at a given temperature:
Value Kirchhoff allow you to define arbitrary emissivity properties of the body, if we know its emissivity and absorption properties and property. ch.t .; These parameters are determined empirically.
In law Vina built optical pyrometry - method of determining the temperature of hot bodies on the spectrum of radiation. trinity health self service Thus, according to Wien's law, the surface temperature of the Sun is: T = = 6100 K. According to the same law, the most profitable in the light against heat mode light source must also be about 6000 K, but the real incandescent lamps operate at temperatures much lower, around 3000 K, so their light to. KD about 3%, so the lamp warm glow more than shine.
For such a hot light metal pattern: first black metal, that maximum radiation in the infrared trinity health self service region, then metal red, yellow, and finally, almost on the verge of melting, becoming bluish-white, that maximum radiation shifts towards shorter waves.
Laws Stefan-Boltzmann and Wien were only a few, not the general laws of radiation as well. ch.t. (Not allowed trinity health self service for depending emissivity properties as a function of temperature), they were trying to establish a theoretical relationship for different wavelengths and different temperatures. Relyey scientist trinity health self service trying to get this relationship, based on the classical concepts of law uniform energy distribution on the degrees of freedom. The result was obtained formula for Eλ, T:
That is to short (UV) waves and the total emissivity property. ch.t. must be infinitely large - body all the energy to spend on radiation in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic waves and destroy itself.
It does all against humanity and practical experience indicate trinity health self service that the classical approach to thermal radiation can not be relatively short-wave radiation. Out of this situation was found in 1900 by the German physicist M. Planck.
Max Planck found the courage to abandon the classical theory regarding physical representations of electromagnetic radiation as a continuous electromagnetic trinity health self service wave, which may have an arbitrary frequency and arbitrary power to bear. Planck proposed a bold hypothesis, according to which electromagnetic energy can radiate and distributed only strictly predefined (for specific radiating system) individual portions - quanta of energy. The energy of the quantum radiation is proportional to frequency radiation:
For example, green light (λ = 555nm): εz 10-19 J = 3.6. For very long waves quantum energy is small, so the general flow of long-wave radiation (eg, radio wave generator) separate quantum invisible because of this discontinuity radiation is not visible. But for the discrete trinity health self service nature of light radiation is of fundamental importance that the emission of light quantum has a very catchy look. The process of absorption of electromagnetic energy trinity health self service matters is also discrete (quantum) nature.
Thus, between the processes taking place in the macro - and microcosm, there are quantitative and qualitative opposites. Because trinity health self service the laws of classical physics, obtained from observations of macroscopic not always be used to describe the processes of the microworld. That is what has caused the futility of attempts to theoretically deduce the law of energy distribution in the spectrum of radiation as well. ch.t., based on the concepts of classical physics.
Planck's formula completely trinity health self service coincides with research results; with this formula, as special cases, easily obtained Stefan-Boltzmann law and Wien. On the basis of the theory of Planck's trinity health self service quantum nature of radiation Einstein in 1905. created quantum (photon) theory of light, and Bohr in
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